In the mid-nineteenth century, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Semmelweis recognized that there was a high mortality rate in hospitalized women, after childbirth, due to puerperal fever. Historical perspective of antisepsis and asepsisĪt the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, mortality was very high when surgical procedures were performed, not for failures in the procedure but for post-operative infections.
Irradiation sterilization: This is an industrial process used to sterilize batches of single-use products, such as syringes, sutures, and catheters. Gamma rays or accelerated electrons are supplied at a dose of 25KGy. The low temperature allows its use in heat-sensitive articles or with plastic parts. Sterilization with low-temperature steam and formaldehyde: this method uses dry saturated steam and formaldehyde at 73 ° C. It has an action against bacteria, spores, and most viruses. Sterilization by ethylene oxide: This method is widely used in the industry in heat-sensitive items, such as endoscopes and electrical equipment. Ethylene oxide is a non-corrosive gas, but it is toxic, carcinogenic and flammable. 
Hot air sterilization: this is an inefficient method. To kill all microorganisms 160 ° C is applied for 2 hours. It is applied in non-aqueous liquids and non-stainless steel instruments where it is necessary to prevent corrosion of sharp edges (for example, ophthalmic instruments). Water vapor: This method allows the eradication of viruses, bacteria such as tuberculosis bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and heat-resistant spores. A device called an autoclave is used, where high temperature, pressure and a prolonged time are combined: 134 ° C at a pressure of 2 kPa for 3 minutes or 121 ° C at a pressure of 1 kPa for 15 min. Several sterilization processes are used: Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microbes, including bacteria, spores, viruses, and fungi. Some viruses and prions are not affected by disinfectants. Low disinfectants: they are active only against some viruses and bacteria. Intermediate disinfectants: they are active against microbes but not against bacterial spores. High activity disinfectants: destroy all microbes and spores, except when they are in large quantities. It is the process of eliminating microorganisms on objects using chemical agents known as disinfectants.ĭisinfectants are classified according to their activity in: Some factors should be considered for the choice of the appropriate antiseptic: Iodine and iodine compounds (providing, betadine): act by breaking down the cell wall and stimulating the oxidation of the compounds. Chlorhexidine: acts by breaking the cell wall of microorganisms. It is effective with Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Alcohol: they act by denaturing proteins and is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, some fungi, and viruses. Antiseptics and their mechanism of actionĪntisepsis is applied in situations where microorganisms can normally be found. Chemical substances called antiseptics are used to eliminate or decrease the proliferation of microorganisms. Among the most common antiseptics we have: When we cut ourselves, we are doing antisepsis when we wash the wound and put alcohol or povidone, all this with the intention that the wound does not become infected. The patient, in turn, is treated with antiseptic agents in the incision or cut area, to prevent his own microbiota from entering the body and causing an infection. 
They wear gloves and other clothing to avoid contaminating the patient with their microbiota (or bacterial flora). they wash their arms with antiseptic agents,. The term “antisepsis” derives from the Greek sepsis which means “rot” and the anti prefix meaning “against.” Antisepsis would come to mean something “against rot.”įor example, in a surgical intervention, doctors, and nurse (s): #Differentiate medical and surgical asepsis skin
Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, normally inhabit the skin and mucous surfaces (such as inside the mouth). When a surgical procedure is performed, for example, the extraction of a tooth, or we have a wound, these microorganisms can cause infections. The use of sterilized material in a dental procedure.Īntisepsis is the removal and/or decrease of microorganisms in the skin or mucous membranes of living beings. Washing of the mouth with antiseptic agents when a dental procedure is performed.
Prevent wound infections from microorganisms in the body or the environment.Įliminate contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. Removal or destruction of microorganisms on living beings.ĭestruction of microorganisms on surfaces or inanimate objects.
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